📖 Spanish Articles: el, la, los, las

Grammatical gender and how definite & indefinite articles work

A1 7 min read 5 sections

Two Genders, Four Articles

Spanish nouns are either masculine or feminine. Each gender has a singular and plural definite article. Unlike English, which only has "the," Spanish requires you to match the article to both the gender and number of the noun.

SingularPlural
Masculineellos
Femininelalas
el libro → los libros / la mesa → las mesasthe book → the books / the table → the tables

Indefinite Articles

The indefinite articles ("a," "an," "some") also change by gender and number:

SingularPlural
Masculineununos
Feminineunaunas
un gato / una casa / unos gatos / unas casasa cat / a house / some cats / some houses

Gender Patterns

Most nouns follow predictable patterns based on their ending:

EndingGenderExamples
-oMasculineel libro, el gato, el cielo
-aFemininela casa, la mesa, la ventana
-ción / -siónFemininela nación, la televisión
-dad / -tadFemininela ciudad, la libertad
-ma (Greek origin)Masculineel problema, el sistema, el tema
Tip: Words ending in -ma that come from Greek are a classic trap — "el problema," "el tema," "el sistema" are all masculine despite ending in -a.

Contractions

Spanish has exactly two mandatory contractions with articles:

CombinationContractionExample
a + elalVoy al parque (I go to the park)
de + eldelVengo del trabajo (I come from work)
Tip: These contractions only apply to "el" (masculine singular). "a la," "a los," "de la," "de las" — no contraction.

When to Omit the Article

Unlike English, Spanish uses articles in many places English doesn't — but also drops them in some cases. Articles are used with general statements ("Me gusta el café" = I like coffee) and titles ("el señor García"). They're omitted after ser + profession ("Soy médico" = I'm a doctor) and with some prepositions ("en casa" = at home).

Me gusta la música. / Soy estudiante.I like music. / I'm a student. (article in first, no article in second)

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