Free Language Guides
Alphabet charts, pronunciation rules, IPA references, and grammar — all free, no account needed.
Create and review cards in English, German, Spanish, and Ukrainian. Other languages below are reference guides only.
🇩🇪 German
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German Alphabet & Pronunciation
German alphabet and pronunciation: all letters, common letter combinations, and IPA. Free beginner guide with clear examples.
Personal Pronouns
German subject, accusative, and dative pronouns, plus formal vs informal address. Free German grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Negation: nicht & kein
How to say "not" and "no" in German, and where to place them in the sentence. Free German grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
German Articles: der, die, das
Free German guide to der, die, das: gender patterns, endings, and when each article is used. Clear examples for A1-A2 learners.
Present Tense Verbs
Conjugate regular and irregular German verbs in the present tense with clear patterns. Free German grammar guide for learners - clear rules and examples.
Possessive Adjectives
German possessives like "my," "your," "his," "her" and how they change by case. Free German grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Imperatives & Commands
German imperatives: give instructions, make requests, and say "let's" forms. Free German grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
German Sentence Structure
German V2 word order and how sentences actually work: verb position, rules, and examples. Free German grammar guide for learners with clear examples.
German Modal Verbs
The six German modal verbs for ability, obligation, permission, and desire. Free German grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Perfekt: The Perfect Tense
German Perfekt: how speakers talk about the past in everyday conversation. Free German grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Accusative & Dative Cases
Learn German accusative and dative: direct vs indirect objects, common prepositions, and examples. Free grammar guide for learners.
The Genitive Case
German genitive for possession, genitive prepositions, and the "whose?" forms. Free German grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Adjective Endings & Agreement
German adjective endings by case, gender, and article type, with clear patterns. Free German grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Prepositions & Their Cases
German accusative, dative, and two-way prepositions with clear rules and examples. Free German grammar guide for learners - clear rules and examples.
Relative Clauses (Relativsätze)
German relative clauses: build complex sentences that describe nouns clearly. Free German grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Passive Voice (Passiv)
German passive voice: express actions where the subject receives the action. Free German grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II)
German Konjunktiv II for hypotheticals, polite requests, and wishes. Free German grammar guide for learners - clear rules and examples. Pair with Vidi.
🇬🇧 English
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English Pronunciation Guide
English pronunciation: vowels, consonants, word stress, and connected speech. Free English pronunciation guide for learners - clear rules and examples.
Articles: A, An, The & Zero Article
English articles a, an, the: when to use each, and when to use no article. Free English grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
The Verb "To Be"
English verb to be: am, is, are, was, were - forms, uses, and common patterns. Free English grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Plural Nouns: Regular & Irregular
English plurals and uncountable nouns: formation rules and common exceptions. Free English grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Personal Pronouns: Subject, Object & Possessive
English personal pronouns: I/me/my, he/him/his and the three form sets. Free English grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Present Simple & Present Continuous
English present simple vs continuous: the key tense distinction with examples. Free English grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Comparatives & Superlatives
English comparatives and superlatives: bigger, better, the most important forms. Free English grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Word Order & Sentence Structure
English word order: strict SVO rules for statements, questions, and clauses. Free English grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Prepositions of Time & Place
English prepositions in, on, at: time and place uses that cause most confusion. Free English grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Modal Verbs: Can, Must, Should & More
English modal verbs for ability, obligation, permission, and probability. Free English grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
English Tenses: A Complete Overview
English tenses overview: when and why forms change, with plain examples. Free English grammar guide for learners at any stage.
Question Forms & Indirect Questions
English question forms: from basic yes/no to polite indirect questions. Free English grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
The Passive Voice
English passive voice: shift focus from the doer to the receiver of an action. Free English grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Relative Clauses: Who, Which, That
English relative clauses: add information with who, which, that, and where. Free English grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Past Tenses in Depth
English past tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, and Present Perfect uses. Free English grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Conditional Sentences: Zero to Third
English conditionals: four if-patterns for different levels of reality. Free English grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Essential Phrasal Verbs
English phrasal verbs: common verb + particle combinations with clear examples. Free English grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
🇫🇷 French
Reference only. French cards are not available in Vidi.
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French Pronunciation & Sounds
French pronunciation: alphabet, nasal vowels, and the sound rules that make French unique. Free starter guide with examples.
French Articles & Noun Gender
French articles and noun gender: masculine vs feminine forms with clear patterns. Free French grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
French Present Tense
French present tense: -er, -ir, -re verbs plus essential irregular conjugations. Free French grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
🇮🇹 Italian
Reference only. Italian cards are not available in Vidi.
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Italian Pronunciation Guide
Italian alphabet, double consonants, vowels, and how to read words aloud. Free Italian pronunciation guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Italian Articles & Noun Gender
Italian articles (il, lo, la, i, gli, le): definite and indefinite forms. Free Italian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
🇯🇵 Japanese
Reference only. Japanese cards are not available in Vidi.
🇧🇷 Portuguese
Reference only. Portuguese cards are not available in Vidi.
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Portuguese Pronunciation Guide
Portuguese alphabet, nasal vowels, accents, and key differences from Spanish. Free Portuguese pronunciation guide for learners - clear rules and examples.
Portuguese Articles & Noun Gender
Portuguese articles: definite and indefinite forms, plus common contractions. Free Portuguese grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
🇷🇺 Russian
Reference only. Russian cards are not available in Vidi.
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The Russian Cyrillic Alphabet
Russian Cyrillic alphabet: all 33 letters with pronunciation, IPA, and examples. Free Russian pronunciation guide for learners - clear rules and examples.
Russian Possessive Pronouns
Russian possessives (moi, tvoi, nash, vash): say my/your/our and decline them. Free Russian grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Russian Present Tense Conjugation
Russian present tense: the two conjugation classes and how to form verbs. Free Russian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Russian Personal Pronouns (All Cases)
Russian personal pronouns declined across all six cases, including the n- rule. Free Russian grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Russian Adjectives & Agreement
Russian adjectives: agree in gender, number, and case across stem types. Free Russian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Russian Cases: The Six-Case System
Russian's six cases explained: how nouns change by role in the sentence, with clear examples. Free grammar guide for learners.
Russian Verb Aspects: Perfective & Imperfective
Russian verb aspects: the imperfective vs perfective distinction that shapes meaning. Free Russian grammar guide for learners - clear rules and examples.
Russian Past Tense
Russian past tense: gender-based forms, irregulars, and aspect in the past. Free Russian grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Russian Future Tense
Russian future tense: compound imperfective and simple perfective forms. Free Russian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Russian Conditional Mood (бы)
Russian conditional with by: hypotheticals, wishes, and polite requests. Free Russian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Russian Verbs of Motion
Russian verbs of motion: unidirectional vs multidirectional pairs and prefixes. Free Russian grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
🇪🇸 Spanish
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Spanish Pronunciation Guide
Spanish alphabet, accent rules, and how to sound natural from day one. Free Spanish pronunciation guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Spanish Articles: el, la, los, las
Spanish grammatical gender and how definite and indefinite articles work. Free Spanish grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Spanish Reflexive Verbs
Spanish reflexive verbs: pronouns, meaning shifts, and common daily routines. Free Spanish grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Spanish Present Tense Verbs
Spanish present-tense conjugation: regular patterns and key irregular verbs. Free Spanish grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Progressive Tenses (Estar + Gerund)
Spanish progressive: actions happening now with estar + -ando/-iendo. Free Spanish grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Ser vs Estar: The Complete Guide
Ser vs estar explained: when to use each Spanish "to be," with patterns and examples. Free grammar guide for Spanish learners.
Por vs Para
Por vs para in Spanish: the key differences, common uses, and examples so you stop mixing them up. Free learner guide with clear rules.
Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfecto)
Spanish present perfect with haber + past participle for present-linked actions. Free Spanish grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Direct & Indirect Object Pronouns
Spanish object pronouns: replace nouns, placement rules, and combining them. Free Spanish grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Spanish Past Tenses: Preterite vs Imperfect
Spanish past tenses: when to use preterite vs imperfect without mixing them up. Free Spanish grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Introduction to the Subjunctive
Spanish subjunctive for wishes, doubts, and emotions, plus how to form it. Free Spanish grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Conditional Sentences
Spanish conditionals: real and hypothetical situations with si (if) clauses. Free Spanish grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
🇺🇦 Ukrainian
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Ukrainian Cyrillic Alphabet
Ukrainian Cyrillic alphabet: all 33 letters, unique sounds, and how it differs from Russian. Free beginner pronunciation guide.
Ukrainian Reflexive Verbs & the -ся Suffix
Ukrainian reflexive verbs: the -sia ending and how it changes verb meaning. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Ukrainian Verb Conjugation Basics
Ukrainian present tense patterns and the two conjugation classes. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners - clear rules and examples. Pair with Vidi.
Ukrainian Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns
Ukrainian possessives (my, your, his, her, our, their) and how to decline them. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners - clear rules and examples.
Ukrainian Personal Pronouns in All 7 Cases
Ukrainian pronouns (I, you, he, she, we, they) declined through every case. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Ukrainian Numbers & Counting
Ukrainian numbers 1-1000, ordinals, and how numbers affect noun case. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Ukrainian Cases: The Seven-Case System
Ukrainian cases: how nouns change form based on their grammatical role. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Ukrainian Adjective Agreement
Ukrainian adjectives: match nouns in gender, number, and case with examples. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Ukrainian Imperatives & Requests
Ukrainian imperatives: commands, requests, and polite forms with examples. Free Ukrainian grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
Ukrainian Future Tense
Ukrainian future tense: imperfective and perfective ways to talk about later. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners with clear rules and examples.
Conditional Mood (би)
Ukrainian conditionals for hypotheticals, wishes, and polite requests. Free Ukrainian grammar guide for learners: clear rules, examples, and patterns.
Perfective & Imperfective Aspect
Ukrainian verb aspect: completed vs ongoing actions and how forms differ. Free Ukrainian grammar guide covering clear rules and examples for learners.
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